The ancesors of Tajiks were engaged not only hunting but also in cattle breeding and agriculture. The history of Tajikistan political system counts from the first half of 1, B. Bactria included central, South and eastern parts of modern Tajikistan to the south and a southeast from the Hissar mountains , and Sogd -the basin of Zeravshan, Kashkadarya and the areas to the north of the Hissar mountains. In the 6th century B. Further followed a number of aggressive wars as a result of which in the 4th B.
Later Selevkids state lost Greek- Bactrian realm which included the territory of modern Tajikistan. In the middle of the 2nd century the local tribes gained independence from the hated Greek yoke. This was achieved with the assistance of alien nomadic tribes - tokhars. They became the legislators of the country's political life. And from the 4th century Bactria began to be called Tokharisran. By the way, some scientists believe it was during those times that Tajik nationality started its formation.
After Tokharistan together with the largest part of Central Asia, Afghanistan and Northern India had joined Kushan empire, the new page in the history of this long-suffering state began. Being a part of Kushan realm beneficently reflected on development of Central Asian nations. Those years witnessed the development of culture, rapid growth of economy, trade relations with Eastern Europe, Rome, and China.
In the 5th century the greater part of the territory of Central Asia was ruled by Turkic kaganat. The society became entirely feudal: it was divided into aristocracy and lower classes. This process positively influenced the development of culture. The second half of the 7th century was a new page in the history of Central Asia. It was characterized by the invasion of Arabs and their full rooting there.
Samanid literary patronage played an important role in preserving the culture of pre-Islamic Iran. During the first centuries A. As late as the nineteenth century, China attempted to press its claim to the Pamir region of what is now southeastern Tajikistan.
Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, China occasionally has revived its claim to part of this region. Beginning in the ninth century, Turkish penetration of the Persian cultural sphere increased in Central Asia. The influx of even greater numbers of Turkic peoples began in the eleventh century.
The Turkic peoples who moved into southern Central Asia, including what later became Tajikistan, were influenced to varying degrees by Persian culture. Over the generations, some converted Turks changed from pastoral nomadism to a sedentary way of life, which brought them into closer contact with the sedentary Persian speakers. In Soviet times, the investment in social structures allowed Tajikistan to reach a high level of development within the education system.
Up until the beginning of the s, literacy among the adult population 99 percent according to the census and well-educated labor force were maintained: 77 percent had a secondary education and above. The educational institutions at all levels were accessible to the majority of the population. His supporters say the trial was politically motivated. International monitors say widespread fraud took place. Tensions are high over a Tajik dam that Uzbekistan fears will restrict irrigation water supplies.
The lease on the base had been due to expire in Main opposition party banned. The government says the gunmen were led by a deputy minister. Government bans the country's leading opposition party, the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan, accusing it of fomenting armed protests which leave dozens of people dead.
Downstream neighbour Uzbekistan has strongly opposed the dam, fearing the impact on its agriculture.
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