This gesture is called anchuli. Tills gesture is called wantha. When the hands are laid bare on the floor, the thumbs should be about one khuep measurement from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger when the hand is fully spread out apart, leaving some space for the forehead to touch the floor. Both elbows should be placed next to the knees.

A female should do the same except that the elbows can be placed on the knees, not next to them. This gesture is called krap.

The Benchangkhapradit krap should be done slowly three times. After that go back to the wantha gesture one more time and then lower the hands to signify that the krap is over.

The Benchangkhapradit krap is used to pay respect to both the Buddha images and the monks. Take notice whether one should crawl on the knees or walk in at a proper distance before sitting down to perform the krap. After it is done, one should crawl back on the knees at a suitable distance before standing up and backing out. It is improper to stand up right after performing the krap and walk out with one's back towards the monks.

Paying respect to the monks - If the monks are sitting on the floor or on other forms of seats, the Benchangkhapradit krap should be done. If it is inconvenient to do so just do the wai with the thumbs touching the space between the eyebrows. In case the monks are standing or walking past, just do a wai.

When a monk is delivering a sermon, respect should be paid to the Dharma by keeping the palms pressed at chest level during that time. When the preaching is over, raise the hands until the tips of the thumbs touch the space between the eyebrows and let out the word sathu.

When having a conversation with a monk, always keep palms pressed at chest level all the time whether standing or sitting, no matter whether the monk is less senior than the person. Status of the monks should not be taken into consideration. The monks with proper observance of religious precepts and morals all deserve respect regardless of their seniority. When His Majesty the King is travelling in a vehicle, respect should be paid to him by standing and bowing, or saluting, or paying him a krap or wai , as the situation or circumstance may allow.

If he is walking along the carpeted path, people should stand properly and pay him respect. If His Majesty addresses someone, that person should keep his pressed palms between the chest and answer him, paying him another respect after he has moved away. At a formal function where people are seated or standing in the King's audience, everyone must rise when His Majesty walks past, paying respect to him with a bow or a curtsy. When the King's Anthem is played, remain standing until it is over, then make another bow or curtsy before sitting down.

Before His Majesty takes his seat, the audience must bow or curtsy once and remain standing until he is properly seated, then make another how or curtsy before sitting down politely. Remember, these groups are considered to be subordinates. As tempting as it may be, it is not necessary to return a wai to a child, waiter, or clerk. You can simply nod and smile in response. Another group, the monks, do not return a wai.

Introduce yourself by your first name. For example, a child is introduced before their parents, a secretary is introduced before their boss. Ok, we have finished our first lesson on the Thai culture. Keep following our blog to find more interesting facts about Thailand.

Wai why - a person places the palm of his or her hands together, with their fingers extended at chest level close to their body and bows slightly. The higher the hands are placed, the more respect is shown.

Subordinates might raise their fingers as high as their nose. However, the tips of their fingers should never be above eye level. A wai can mean "Hello," "Thank you," "I'm sorry," or "Goodbye. Never return a wai to a child, waiter, clerk, etc. Simply nod and smile in response. Monks do not return a wai. Thais say "Where are you going" rather than "Hello.

Introduce yourself by your first name. Feel free to introduce yourself or ask for someone's name. When introducing your business partner to an important Thai, mention your partner's name first.

The inferior or lower-status person is always addressed first in an introduction. Thus, a child is introduced before its parents, a secretary is introduced before her boss. Names and Titles Thais address one another by first names and titles and reserve last names for very formal occasions and written communications.

Last names have been used in Thailand for only the past fifty years and are difficult even for Thais to pronounce. Two people with the same last name are almost certainly related. Foreigners are often addressed by their given names because it is easier for Thais; it does not imply familiarity. Thais will probably call you Mr. Joe or Mrs. Titles, rank and honor are very important. Introductions require only the given name and title.

Thai given names are preceded by Khun Mr. Khun is used for men and women, married or single. If you don't know a person's name, address them as Khun. Example: Dear Khun Mary. Nicknames are common in Thailand Corporate Culture Thailand has a pro-business attitude. Business decisions are slow. Decisions pass through many levels before being decided upon. Planning is short-term.

Top management is often family. Who you know is important. Powerful connections are respected. First meetings generally produce good humor, many smiles, polite conversation and few results. The second meeting should include a meal invitation. Meetings begin with small talk. Discussing business before becoming acquainted is impolite. Degrees, especially from prestigious universities, bring status.

Thais may list these on their business card. Thais respect foreigners with powerful connections. Negotiations may be lengthy.

Process takes precedence over content. Slow information flow may delay discussions and decisions. Thais prefer to work later in the evening rather than early in the morning.

Business is kept separate from work. Family comes first before business.

Speed :. For other sprites and images, please see Budew images on the Bulbagarden Archives. Navigation menu Personal tools Create account Log in. This article is about the species.

Images on the Bulbagarden Archives. Type Grass. Abilities Natural Cure or Poison Point. Leaf Guard Hidden Ability. Cacophony Hidden Ability.

Gender ratio Unknown. Catch rate Breeding Egg Group Undiscovered. Hatch time - steps. Height 0'08". Weight 2. Mega Stone [[ ]]. Base experience yield 68 Gen. Leveling rate Medium Slow. EV yield Total: 1. Base friendship In winter, it keeps its bud closed to survive the cold, but then opens it again in the spring.

Generation IV. Diamond Over the winter, it closes its bud and endures the cold. In spring, the bud opens and releases pollen. It lives alongside clear ponds. It scatters pollen that induces harsh sneezing and runny noses. Sensitive to changing temperature, the bud is said to bloom when it feels the sun's warm touch.

When it feels the sun's warm touch, it opens its bud to release pollen. It lives alongside clear pools. Generation V. Black Sensitive to changing temperature, the bud is said to bloom when it feels the sun's warm touch. Sensitive to changing temperatures, the bud blooms when it's warm, releasing toxic pollen. Generation VI. X When it feels the sun's warm touch, it opens its bud to release pollen. Over the winter, it closes its bud and endures the cold. Generation VII. Generation VIII.

Sword The pollen it releases contains poison. When its bud starts to open, that means spring is right around the corner. Routes , , and , Eterna Forest. Sinnoh Field. Black Trade. White Forest. Breed Roselia or Roserade holding a Rose Incense.

X Y Route 4. Silent Forest. This does take quite a while. Be s ure to check out Evolutio n as well. The 2nd ones called "A" a nd shes a lv Mareep is a fema le mareep and has never m ated before. H is kids are going to be p ut up for adoption soon. Mikey is a prod father of 1. Mankey has never ma ted. It s not matedable and only Knows one move. Female and has never mated before. OK this is a pokemon give away. K elect rode. A couple more errors. Cro nacaw don't think I spel led that right evolves a t lv.

Bayleef evolves at 36 i nto Meganium. Thank you for catching th ose errors. I checked aga inst a few sources and up dated the information. Co nsidering the raw amount of information in this gu ide, it is always good to get the few errors out o f it. This site has become an u nbelievable mandatory par t of my Pokemon life and will have the same effect on anyone else looking t o "catch 'em all!

I have trick to evolv e pokemon easily. To do s o you have to do the foll owing steps: 1. If you lose there i s no problem but golem wi ll give you exp. This was great info! But i'd like to know, at what level does a roselia evo lve into a roserade? A lso how do i evolve my le vel 45 rhydon? This is great!!! Hello, i want a spheal,tr apinch,and bagon for soul silver. If anyone wNts to trade or battle my ID is6 Sorrry if i'm w rong. This is good info. I will depend on this site more often for my pokemon bre eding.

Thank You! This is a good and depend aple site for my pokemon breeding. Article Options. Please log in with your username or email to continue.

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Cookie Settings. Learn why people trust wikiHow. Download Article Explore this Article methods. Tips and Warnings. Things You'll Need. Related Articles. Author Info Last Updated: September 3, Method 1.

An example would be Combee to Vespiquen. So Male Combee are kind of useless. Method 2. To evolve Magneton or Nosepass, level it up anywhere inside Mt. Method 3. Some Evolve when they become friends with their trainer.

Therefore, health effects of alpha-ray exposures appear only when alpha-emitting materials are ingested i. Beta rays are produced following spontaneous decay of certain radioactive materials, such as tritium an isotope of hydrogen , carbon, phosphorus, and strontium Depending on its energy i.

As with alpha rays, the major concern for health effects is after their ingestion i. An electromagnetic wave, a gamma ray is similar to ordinary visible light but differs in energy or wavelength.

Sunlight consists of a mixture of electromagnetic rays of various wavelengths, from the longest, infrared, through red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, to the shortest in wavelength, ultraviolet.

Gamma rays are produced following spontaneous decay of radioactive materials, such as cobalt and cesium A cobalt gamma ray can penetrate deeply into the human body, so it has been widely used for cancer radiotherapy. X rays have the same characteristics as gamma rays, although they are produced differently.

When high-speed electrons hit metals, electrons are stopped and release energy in the form of an electromagnetic wave. This was first observed by Wilhelm Roentgen in , who considered it a mysterious ray, and thus called it an X ray. It can cause damage by breaking chemical bonds.

Types of ionising radiation include: Alpha particles — two protons and two neutrons bound together like a helium nucleus — are large particles that can do lots of damage, but only over short distances. Beta particles — are electrons, which can travel longer distances in air and tissue than alpha particles.

Neutron radiation — consisting of free neutrons which are released during fission but not usually through radioactive decay. Gamma or x-rays , which are electromagnetic radiation similar to light, but with much more energy. Find out more about radiation in our Bernie's Basics: It's radioactive man. But it only lasts as long as you're near the source, once you move away, you are not being irradiated any more.

This usually causes the cell to die. DNA can be repaired, but if the repair is incorrect, it could cause mutation which could lead to cancer later on". As the radiation dose gets higher many sieverts this can kill you very quickly, in a matter of hours if the dose is high enough.

Plutonium and uranium produce a range of radioactive fission products including variations of iodine, caesium, strontium and noble gases such as argon and xenon. Some radioactive substances can remain dangerous in the environment longer than others. Just how long is indicated by the isotope's 'half-life' — the time it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to decay away.

The risk of radiation poisoning following the Fukushima incident will be related to the level of exposure people face, says Crossley. The Japanese government has confirmed three plutonium isotopes Pu, Pu and Pu, have been detected in soil in the exclusion zone near the Fukushima facility. As well as being a by-product of nuclear reactions, it's also part of the fuel mix used at the power station's number three reactor. Plutonium releases mostly alpha radiation, and is a serious health hazard if ingested or inhaled in significant amounts, remaining in the lungs, or absorbed into the blood stream where it moves into bones, liver or other organs exposing surrounding tissue to radiation for decades.

There are also reports of strontium and strontium being discovered in the environment near the plant. These have half lives of 50 days and 30 years, respectively. Strontium can be inhaled, but is usually swallowed in food or water. It's deposited on bone issue and is linked to bone cancer, cancer of soft tissue near the bone and leukemia.

But Crossley says the risk of radioactive strontium causing problems for people is again directly proportional to the amount consumed. High levels of radioactive iodine and caesium and caesium have also been detected in the environment around the plant affecting local produce. Iodine binds to tissue in the thyroid gland, emitting beta particles and can potentially cause DNA mutation and cell death in high doses. This means that any seafood from the area will need to face ongoing screening until contamination levels fall below legally safe amounts, he says.

Caesium is a persistent problem if the soil is heavily contaminated like it was around Chernobyl, says Crossley. You could also inhale it in dust particles," he says. Once ingested, caesium gets distributed fairly uniformly throughout the body with slightly higher concentrations in muscle and lower levels in bone and fat. In the meantime, food products will be screened and not allowed to be sold if they are above legal limits which are set very low. Are there any health benefits of ionising radiation?

Paradoxically, many radioactive substances are also often used in nuclear medicine to diagnose and treat conditions such as thyroid cancer iodine bone cancer strontium and samarium bone scans techniciumm PET scans fluorine knee problems and liver cancer yttrium

How can uninstall Napster well on PC? Check these guides Option 1: Use the product's uninstall tool There are many applications in nowadays provides an uninstall process on the program's installation folder, or the publisher gets an uninstaller which is specifically used to remove its own products. To remove Napster in this way, please refer to the following uninstall instructions: 1.

Right-click on Napster icon on the desktop, and select "Open file location" 2. Scroll down the list of files and find the uninstall process, usually named "uninst", "Uninstall", or "Uninstaller" 3. Double click on the uninstall process to start the removal 4. Follow the uninstall wizard to finish the removal, and restart your computer 5.

Open the directory of the installation folder again, and make sure everything has been cleared well 6. Click on the Windows button on the bottom-left-corner, and enter "regedit" on the search box 7.

Click to open "regedit" or Registry Editor on the search result 8. Unfold the registry group inside, and find out those registry keys or entries which contains the program's name 9. Back up these files, and then remove them from your computer system Note: once problems occur after deleting the registry, please restore the back-up registry to Registry Editor.

Things you need to know about Registry Editor Registry Editor is a place that stores many important registry keys and entries which closely related to the system operation and program's performance on the computer, removing a wrong file inside usually cause serious problem for the system, so you should be very careful when you have to manually delete some registries inside. Sometimes, the installer may allow you to repair or uninstall the program as well. When a program is installed on the computer, Windows will save its settings and information in the registry, including the uninstall command to uninstall the program.

You can try this method to uninstall Napster 4. Please carefully edit the registry, because any mistake there may make your system crash. The manual uninstallation of Napster 4. And no one can promise the manual uninstallation will completely uninstall Napster 4.

And an incomplete uninstallation will many useless and invalid items in the registry and affect your computer performance in a bad way. Too many useless files also occupy the free space of your hard disk and slow down your PC speed. So, it's recommended that you uninstall Napster 4. Download this powerful third-party uninstaller below.

Your email address will not be published. Skip to content Are you in need of uninstalling Napster 4. Possible problems when you uninstall Napster 4. How to Uninstall Napster 4. Method 2: Uninstall Napster 4. Method 3: Uninstall Napster 4. I did download the latest version and install then uninstall.

I wouldn't know how to clean out the registry. Give Regseeker at try. Free and easy. Just make sure you back up the registry first. Although it is suggested to use the registry to get rid of a problem, I would not suggest you try that. Mainly, because you state clearly "you wouldn't know how to clean out the registry".

I suggest that you might not know how to use a registry cleaning program either. I am not intending to say that you should, but playing around with the registry is not usually a task to undertake unless you are sure of what you are doing. Have you tried using Napster to see if it is still operable after doing this removal?? From the other thread you posted it is know that when Napster has been removed it will still show in the Roxio programs listing, but will be grayed out and not usable.

I suggest giving "patatrox's" method of removing Napster another try as this method seems to have worked for a lot of others. You need to be a member in order to leave a comment. Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy!

And a powerful uninstaller will be a better choice. Total Uninstaller is a specific app removal tool that can perform automatic removal for the program. The powerful uninstaller is good at detecting and deleting all of related files from PC. So people can get a complete and fast removal in a short time. Taking the traditional removal way in Windows system to remove program usually takes a lot of time, including uninstall Microsoft Security Essentials. Therefore, if you encounter a problem to remove the program with Windows removing feature, or just consider it takes too much time and energy to finish the manual removing steps.

Taking a professional uninstaller to conduct the removal will be much better. If the tool did not help, remove the application using the mseremoval. Right-click the mseremoval. Enter the login and password for the administrator account. The command line window will appear. When the necessary actions are completed, the command line window will close. After that, you can delete the mseremoval. Microsoft Security Essentials will be removed. Have you found what you were looking for?

When a user upgrade their windows to windows 10, then the MSE Microsoft Security Essentials that was installed on previous windows does not work for the new version. This is the reason behind many windows defender problems.

Microsoft Security Essentials is a free antivirus software that comes with your computer, generally when you purchase it. It is made to protect your computer from viruses, malware, spyware and all the other bad stuff. However, it is not always the antivirus software of choice for many users, who prefer to download and install other free or premium programs to handle the protection of their computers.

Let the glyphosate soak in undisturbed for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the glyphosate will have done its work. You do not have to remove the old plant matter. Let it stay there. When you till the soil later, it serves as a natural fertilizer. Till the ground between 4 and 6 inches 10 and 15 cm deep. If you intend on planting the sod in a small area, you can turn over the soil with a shovel. For larger areas, use a rototiller to get it done quickly. Set the rototiller to the appropriate depth, then push it back and forth over the entire area at least once.

Many home improvement stores have models available you can take home for a day. Rake the ground smooth. After tilling, go back over the planting area with a rake. Use it to remove any debris the tiller unearthed, such as rocks and roots. Brush soil into any holes you find.

Get the area as flat as possible for your grass. Part 2. Lay a line of sod along the edge of the planting area. Sod comes in both rolls and smaller squares, both of which are planted the same way. Start on one side of the yard. Unfurl the roll or place squares until you reach the other side of the yard. Keep the sod in an straight line as you go. Continue laying sod until the yard is covered. Place more sod next to your first line. Push the sod as close together as possible. Then, continue putting down sod until you reach the other end of the yard again.

Simply continue doing this until you cover the entire area. Avoid stepping on sod you have already laid. Kneel or walk on plywood instead. Cut off excess sod with a shovel or knife. Pick up a hook-billed knife or sharp shovel from a home improvement store or garden center. Use it to cut apart sod rolls that spread outside your planting area. Water the sod immediately with 1 in 2. Use a hose or sprinklers to water the sod.

Give it enough water to dampen the first 1 in 2. This helps the grass settle into the ground, but avoid using too much water. Water the lawn daily for 3 weeks. Try to keep the top 1 in 2. After this, water the grass less frequently until it is fully established in the planting area.

The soil should finish rooting in 3 to 4 weeks. Check the water depth by digging into wet soil away from the grass or by estimation. The water should never linger on the soil or run off the grass. You do not need to water the lawn on rainy days. Let nature take care of it for you. Avoid walking on the grass until it is fully grown. Save for watering it, leave the grass alone for a month after planting. Ensure it fully grows in by keeping other people and pets off of it for the time being. Part 3.

Mow the grass to 3 in 7. Maintain the grass by cutting it after it grows past 3 in 7. Use your lawnmower on a higher setting to avoid damaging the grass. Water the grass when it begins folding up and turning blue. Augustine grass takes care of itself for the most part, but you still need to keep an eye on it.

Stores like Lowes and The Home Depot sell 18 grass plugs to a tray. Depending on the spacing, 18 plugs covers around 32 square feet. Local gardening shops may also have St Augustine Grass plugs.

Local shops usually have much better experts on hand to answer any questions you may have. An alternative to purchasing prepared St. Augustine plugs are to make your own. Creating plugs from pieces of sod will help stretch the coverage area. Make your own plugs by cutting pieces of sod into desired size with a shovel or garden shears. Plugs can also be made from existing grass in your yard. Harvest grass from an inconspicuous or area where grass is very thick.

Using a sod plugger tool, insert it into the ground, twist and lift. You can also use a hoe or shovel by inserting the blade vertically to cut out the desired piece. Transplant these self-created plugs into other areas of your yard. Fill the holes created with soil or sand. DO NOT use potting soil mixes with heavy organic matter content as filler. To reduce noticeable lawn damage, increase the space between harvested plugs.

Spacing multiple feet between holes and in a checkerboard pattern will help your yard heal quicker. The best time to plant St. Augustine plugs is in the late spring or early summer. Even if you get a late start into the summer, it is likely still safe to plant plugs.

Planting in the late summer should be mindful of the estimated first winter frost. Augustine plugs needs at least 90 days before the first frost. The first step is to examine and calculate the area of the space needing plugs. The amount of space covered by a tray of St. Augustine plugs can vary by plant spacing. Always take time to properly prepare the soil prior to installing your grass plugs.

The time taken ensures your grass plugs will not die off. It also allows your grass to spread as quickly as possible. To prepare the soil, do the following:.

After you have removed the vegetation, plan out the desired planting grid pattern. Rather than the typical vibrant green color associated with most grasses, St.

Augustine has a bluish tint. If you live in a coastal region, or an area known for salt mining, then you may be familiar with the difficulties associated with growing grass in salt-rich soil. Augustine, however, is remarkably salt tolerant. Augustine grass thrives in heat, so plant your seed, sod, or plugs in late spring or summer. Choose a time after the last frost of winter and at least three months before the first frost of fall. Once the roots are fully developed, St.

Augustine grass will survive the winter mostly intact, but make sure you give your grass plenty of time to establish itself. Weaker, newly developed roots are vulnerable to frost damage. Augustine is available in seeds, sod, and plugs, so you can choose the planting method that best works for you. No matter which method you choose, there are a few steps to take before and after planting. Afterward, water as needed depending on your climate. Dryer climates may need watering once or twice a week, while grass in wetter climates may be able to subsist off rain alone.

During the first week of growth, keep a keen eye out for fungal infections, which like to breed in wet soil. If caught early, many fungal infections can be suppressed through plenty of sunshine and nitrogen.

Despite being terrified on the day of my 10k, I was invigorated by how many people had signed up to do it. It lifted me and forced me not to stop. The velocity of sport in numbers I find giddy. There is a new high to be found in looking after yourself and engaging in sport and fitness. In the UK 1. If there was a 'well-being revolution' gently rumbling along over the past five years, then last year's Olympics jolted us all into action. Sport became the new rock 'n' roll, with its stars our new idols.

Glitzy, loud, and unpredictable. Glamour and spandex in abundance. This revolution swept me up unexpectedly. I didn't know how much sport could connect with us normal, crisp-munching human beings. Conclusion: There is a paucity of evidence to support the notion that hosting an Olympic games leads to an increased participation in physical or sporting activities for host countries. We also found little evidence to suggest other health benefits. We conclude that the true success of these and future games should be evaluated by high-quality, evidence-based studies that have been commissioned before, during and following the completion of the event.

Only then can the true success and legacy of the games be established. Abstract Objective: To examine if there is an increased participation in physical or sporting activities following an Olympic or Paralympic games. There are certain kinds of people who get inspired. They tend to be people who are open-minded, who appreciate aesthetic beauty and new ideas and behaviors. People who are able to see the elegance, the beauty, the charm of something, even if its not directly relevant to them, he said.

The beauty of the human form, whether in running effortlessly or executing a complicated dive, was in part what led silver medalist Scott Donie, now a diving coach at Columbia University, to lock onto an Olympic dream. Donie, who says he used to be afraid of both heights and water, has said that the Olympics became a goal and driving force in my life from the time I first watched them when I was 8 years old.

Now a dad of a year-old, Donie has written about how parents should watch the Olympics with their children. He advises them to set up dates to watch the games together even if you have to record them and to learn the personal stories behind some of the athletes.

Its always more fun to watch if you know a little something about the people youre watching, he wrote. Children are more likely to want to watch a sport theyre already interested in, Donie said, but Runge notes that its also a good time to introduce children to something new. There are 41 sports represented at this summers Olympics. And the International Olympic Committee just announced five more will be added to the Games in Tokyo, specifically with the goal of getting more young people involved.

The legacy of events Organizers of the Olympics, held in London, said they wanted to inspire a generation, but there are mixed reports on whether they did. In a report , the British government reported that , Londoners tried a new sport in the aftermath of the games, and the nation has invested more money in its athletes and school sports programs.

That trickle-down effect has a name particular to sports: event legacy. However, Liz Such, a professor at the University of Edinburgh, examined the legacy of the Olympics and found that the legacy is often exaggerated. In her focus group of 23 young people from England and Scotland, she found that all had watched the Olympics, and some had even attended some events.

But while some said they experienced a desire to take up the sport they watched, others said watching elite athletes perform made their desires seem out-of-reach. Such noted that one year-old said, I was like, wow, I cant do that. Basically what I thought about the whole thing, its like oh, God, Im rubbish at everything. This effect has been noted in other research and could be most of a problem among those young people who might already have a fragile relationship with sport and physical activity, Such wrote.

But that doesnt mean that those of us who can't picture ourselves on a balance beam cant find other lessons in the games. If you compare yourself to athletes, it may be demoralizing. But you can appreciate the work they have done to get to where they are, and that lesson can be translated into one's area of interest, Thrash said. With their unfettered imagination, young children find it easy to imagine themselves superheros and world champions, and watching the Olympics together is a way parents can expose them to possibilities.

Invest in experiences, not things, for your family, Runge said. And if an 8-year-old who's afraid of water and heights suddenly expresses an interest in diving, be ready to explore that with him. Sign up for the Herald's free e-newsletter.

By avoiding conventional foods, you could be ingesting an estimated fewer chemicals. An organically certified farm ensures farmers are conserving biodiversity on their farm and only using approved substances without the use of synthetic chemicals. Organic foods create healthier soil that sequesters more carbon.

It is estimated that global croplands have the potential to store an additional 1. This is as much as the global transportation sector emits annually. Buying local and organic foods is the 1 way to support the climate in our food purchasing decisions! Environmental Center. Search Enter the terms you wish to search for. This will also help you reduce your single use plastic, because all of the fruit and veg comes in one recyclable box. Organic beers and wines are becoming much easier to track down, with most UK supermarkets offering a range of their own organic tipples.

For example, most mass produced wines have chemicals added, including sulphites which can cause headaches after one too many glasses. Organic wine is free from any artificial chemicals, so your body is able to process the alcohol more efficiently.

Much like demand for vegan restaurant food has spiked in recent years, so has the demand for sustainable restaurants that stock local, organic food. Support local, independent eateries and opt to eat in rather than take away. The cosmetics industry has gone through a major shift in the last few years, with many brands placing much greater emphasis on being cruelty free, natural and even vegan.

You can buy organic soaps and shampoos, organic moisturisers, organic deodorants — and even organic non-synthetic sun cream! All better for the planet, and your health. Lush offer a large range of organic products, including plenty that are suitable for vegans too. Check out the Lush website for more information about their organic range. Fast fashion is one of the largest contributors to global warming — second only to oil consumption. So one of the biggest things you can do to reduce your carbon footprint is to buy clothing from ethical, sustainable retailers.

Organic meat agriculture regulations require animals are raised in living conditions that accommodate their natural behaviors, like the ability to graze and eat organic feed and forage without the administration of any hormones or antibiotics. Multi-ingredient foods anything from granola to tortilla chips cannot contain artificial preservatives, colors or flavors.

The USDA makes an organic promise that includes on-site inspections for each component of an organic operation. Organic farming helps the environment in a variety of ways. From healthier soil to water conservation, this is how buying organic benefits the environment. Organic farming builds healthy soil as farmers release nutrients into the soil by way of minerals, compost , and manure. Healthy soil is key for biodiversity — or the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat. Conventional farming uses chemicals like fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides , which transfers over into the food we ingest.

Organic farming also reduces exposure to pesticides and chemicals, not just for us as food consumers, but for the farmers and the animals, too. When you purchase organic products, you support animal health and welfare.

Through exercise, free-range access to pasture and high-quality, natural feed, animals are raised better than in conventional farming. S rivers is runoff from non-organic farms, such as harmful pesticides, toxic fertilizers, and animal waste.

Organic farming helps keep our water supplies clean by stopping that polluted runoff. Organic farming also helps conserve water. Organic farmers, in general, tend to spend time amending soil correctly and using mulch - both of which help conserve water. Cotton, an in-demand crop, requires a lot of irrigation and excess water when grown conventionally. However, organic cotton farming needs less irrigation and thus conserves water. Algal blooms HABs result in adverse effects on the health of people and marine animals and organisms.

Algal blooms also negatively affect recreation, tourism and thus, local and regional economies. While there is more than one cause of algal blooms, a primary human-based cause of algae blooms is runoff from the petroleum-based fertilizers often used in conventional farming. Insects, birds, fish and all sorts of other critters experience problems when humans swoop in and destroy their natural habitat.

Organic farming not only helps preserve more natural habitat areas but also encourages birds and other natural predators to live happily on farmland, which assists in natural pest control. Additionally, animals who live on organic farms are exposed to clean, chemical-free grazing that helps keep them naturally healthy and resistant to illness.

As a perk for organic farmers, happy and healthy organic animals are productive organic animals. In general, the more biodiversity there is on a farm, the more stable the farm is. Organic farming encourages healthy biodiversity, which plays a critical role in how resilient, or not, a farm is to issues like bad weather, disease, and pests.

Additionally, reduced biodiversity may directly correlate with a rise in infectious diseases, which of course, isn't good for people or the planet.

Within a team, everyone should also understand their responsibilities. By understanding, you can help to avoid anyone overstepping boundaries. Everything you do comes down to your mindset. If you can help to foster a caring and supportive environment, you can help promote positive mindsets. When problems arise, people should feel empowered to solve them. A positive mindset also means that people feel able to address anything that comes their way.

Everyone feels better when they receive positive feedback. Another way to build teamwork outside of the boardroom or classroom is outside activities. Exercising is just one idea to help strengthen teamwork. Exercising helps train a positive mindset and also requires motivation, just like work. People should feel free to share their opinions and speak candidly with one another in a team. Yet, there still needs to be some guiding rules. Complaining is wasted energy.

More often than not, a complaint is just a problem that has a solution. Rather than complaining about it, you can work together to solve the issue. To know how to keep things moving forward and properly allocated both employees and technological tools, resource management is crucial to optimizing teamwork. You can utilize collaborative tools to support teams working together, even when they operate remotely.

For example, Google Docs is a good word-processing tool that allows for easy collaboration through comments and suggested editing. Reminding everyone to be aware of their attitude and contributions can help propel everyone in the right direction. Going hand in hand with forgiving mistakes is the ability to encourage innovation. You should remain open to trying new things and updating processes for the benefit of the work.

To avoid burnout, take breaks together while working in teams. With teams, people are bound to have different opinions and ideas. Be respectful and accept everyone for what they bring to the table. In both teams large and small, conflict and disagreement is bound to arrive.

You can overcome these by hearing both sides and practicing conflict resolution. In the end, this will just make the team stronger. Everyone in the team should feel like their opinions are worthy. It helps when everyone has a say in decision-making, no matter what role they play.

When people have a sense of responsibility and agency, it removes the need to micromanage them. Teams are like little families. Consider implementing team traditions that everyone can take part in for bonding. Often, managers take on the role of hiring new employees. But the new employee will work alongside the team, so get a feel for how your team feels about those interviewing. After all, company culture is a huge priority.

Feedback can come in the form of both positive and negative notes. That way, team members can grow. Coming together successfully in a team requires individual and personal skills. These are some of the most important traits and mindsets to have when working in a team:. Whether you are working in a team setting in school, online college , or a workplace, there are many skills that can help make the process seamless.

It often takes time to bond with one another and understand how people work differently. No matter your role in a team, when you practice humility, are supportive and open-minded, you can reap success together. Apply Now. Request Info. Ask a student. UoPeople Arabic. Business Administration. Master's Degree MBA. Bachelor's Degree. Associate's Degree. Computer Science.

First and foremost, it is important that we focus on creating diverse teams rather than teams of all like-minded people. A group of people with different backgrounds are more likely to bring diverse perspectives and ideas to the table.

With more perspectives, comes more thorough decision making. We often tend to want to surround ourselves with people who think and act in ways that reflect our own thoughts and actions. While a group of like-minded individuals with similar backgrounds may get along great, we have to think about the bigger picture — Will they bring fresh ideas to the table? Will the team members challenge each other to tackle a project from all angles? If all team members think the same way, come from similar backgrounds, and have the same beliefs and opinions, the work that the team produces will likely be one-sided and less creative.

Whereas if each team member has unique opinions, beliefs, background, etc. When team members are unsure of their own tasks and responsibilities, it often creates tension within a team. It is important for each team member to know exactly what he or she is responsible for so that there is no overlap in projects. If multiple employees are working on the same task due to confusion in responsibility, invaluable time and team effort spent on the task are wasted.

Each individual should have responsibility in reaching the team goals as well as the tools and mutual support to obtain good results.

Setting clear goals for each team member will help keep people aligned on their assigned tasks and responsibilities. For this reason, trust is a dire need if you want to lead a successful team. Trust between team members can flourish by doing something as simple as attending a happy hour together, participating in simple team-building activities , or simply eating lunch together.

Think of a football team, for example. In the absence of that simple, shared scoreboard, people will make up their own ways to measure their success, Mr.

Nash added. Once you have a simple plan, you have to keep reminding your team of the priorities, even if it can feel repetitive. People often have to hear something a few times before they truly remember it.

Marc Cenedella , chief executive of TheLadders. There are certain behaviors that are encouraged and discouraged — like rules of the road — for how everyone is going to try to get along and spend their time. Pull together a group of people to work on any project, and they will develop a culture of their own, and it will be as unique as the people in the group. As a leader, you can take a laissez-faire approach and hope the team meshes well over time.

Or you can look for opportunities to set some shared guidelines for how people will work together. There are no hard and fast rules for developing the cultural values of a team. In some cases, the founder of a company will issue them to employees.

In others, top executives will turn the exercise over to employees to make it a bottom-up effort. The most important thing is for the team or company to live by their stated values, rather than just going through the motions of the exercise, with people earning promotions even though their behavior runs directly counter to the stated rules of the road.

Unfortunately, most of us have worked for at least one bad boss and sometimes many of them over the course of our careers. They often share many of the same bad tendencies. They micro-manage. They see employees only as pawns to help them accomplish their goals. They point fingers rather than owning their mistakes. They dress people down in front of their colleagues. The list goes on and on sigh. That kind of treatment puts people in a defensive crouch and they start subconsciously checking part of their self-image at the door before they go into work.

And it means that if they have an out-of-the-box idea for the team, they may think twice before sharing it, out of fear it will be dismissed. In this kind of environment, innovation is hard, if not impossible. It is incredibly important for leaders to set a tone, and model the behavior, that everyone will respect one another. So you can say anything to anyone, as long as you say it the right way.

John Duffy , chief executive of the mobile-technology company 3Cinteractive, said he established a zero-tolerance policy for disrespectful behavior. We make everyone understand that the reason the culture works is that we have that respect. There is a comfort level and a feeling of safety inside our business. Treating people with respect is part of a two-way street to help foster teamwork.

However, more often than not, the HOA will simply allow the mortgage lender to foreclose on the property and then sell it to a new homeowner. While an HOA foreclosure can certainly be intimidating, as a homeowner, you are not totally powerless.

You do have the option to fight the HOA foreclosure based on the following defenses:. If you fail to pay this charge and the HOA forecloses on your property as a result, both the lien and the foreclosure are nullified. The assessment lien the HOA placed on your home may also be voided because of inaccurate accounting. If the HOA or the management company fails to calculate the assessments correctly, you can claim it as a defense.

When this happens, the HOA or the management company will need to demonstrate their tabulations. Some states have laws governing how an HOA can go about foreclosures. If the HOA fails to comply with these laws, then you can use this claim to fight the foreclosure on your property. For instance, in California, the Civil Code Section The HOA may also begin foreclosure proceedings if the delinquency is at least 12 months old. While not all states require the HOA to record the lien, some states, like Arizona, do.

In fact, an HOA may even get in trouble for the failure of recordation. If your HOA neglects to record the lien or records it incorrectly, you can raise a wrongful lien claim against your association and fight your HOA foreclosure. Foreclosure proceedings typically take about 60 days to process. First, if falling behind on your assessments, property owners should talk to the HOA executive board about payment options. The HOA is comprised of neighbors, and they may be willing to work with property owners in creating a repayment plan or removing some late fees through negotiation.

Additionally, if the day window is not long enough to come up with the funds, property owners should try to repay the debt before the foreclosure process begins. If possible, property owners should pay off the assessments before attorneys get involved.

If this is the case, a property owner may have the ability to contest the foreclosure if the HOA failed to comply with the procedural requirements outlined above. Specifically, the manner in which the HOA went about calculating the assessments, notifying the property owner of the debt, filing the claim of lien, or initiating the foreclosure could all provide grounds for contesting the foreclosure.

If the HOA is attempting to collect assessments that do not meet this threshold, a property owner can petition the court to stop the foreclosure process. Property owners may also be able to contest a foreclosure if the HOA has violated its Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions , Articles of Incorporation , or By-laws in the foreclosure process.

If there are specific limits on the HOAs power to foreclose , it will likely prohibit HOAs from foreclosing on properties in order to collect past due assessments or limit when the HOA can initiate foreclosure. If the HOA still tries to foreclose in direct contrast to the Declaration , Articles of Incorporation , or By-laws , the foreclosure may be stopped. If there are no legal defenses to the foreclosure itself, property owners could bring a claim against the HOA for any bad conduct associated with the foreclosure.

North Carolina courts explicitly held that HOAs are considered debt collectors and past due assessments are considered debts for the purposes of the statute. Being covered under the statute means HOAs in North Carolina cannot collect past due assessments in a threatening, deceptive, harassing, coercive, or unconscionable manner. The prohibited conduct under the unfair debt collection statute can be manifested in many ways, but the statute does articulate some conduct as expressly illegal.

Question I own a house in a development that has a homeowners' association HOA. Answer Probably yes. Talk to a Lawyer Start here to find foreclosure lawyers near you. Practice Area Please select Zip Code.

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Are you passionate about veterans issues? Other art therapy organizations work specifically with refugees or chronically ill children. Donating to programs like these brings art directly to people who need it the most. On a local level, keep an eye out for art shows or auctions that feature art created in art therapy programs.

These works are beautiful, powerful, and support a great cause. Artwork Archive is dedicated to providing you with the tools you need to manage your artwork so you have more time for what matters — making art.

Interested in donating your art? Find out more about how the best way to go about donating here. Back to Blog. Life Balance Resources. Here are five ways you can generate positivity by sharing your passion with those around you: Be an Art Mentor Mentorship programs are a powerful and direct way to engage with students in underserved schools.

Get Involved in Arts Education Many of us first discovered our passion for art while making macaroni necklaces or marble paintings in art class. Volunteer at a Local Museum Volunteering at a museum in your area gives back in a big way—it also means you get to be around incredible art! Donate Your Art Supplies Do you have supplies in your studio that have been laying around gathering dust and cluttering up your space for years?

Support Art Therapy Programs Art can be powerfully therapeutic. Share This Article facebook twitter linkedin email. Related Articles. Let us know what you think. Popular Posts. Love what you see? As part of our efforts to make research matter, we can utilize the arts to more broadly and effectively communicate research findings to decision makers, who in turn can develop policies that can reduce and end youth homelessness.

A great example of arts-based knowledge mobilization is the Halifax-Toronto Exiting Street Life study comic book. Career Development: Providing youth experiencing homelessness with training in artistic skills can also help prepare them for future careers in the arts.

There are some great programs across Canada that connect artistic youth who are homeless with career opportunities in creative industries. For example, The Remix Project in Toronto and Chicago is a creative marketing agency providing career training and experience to marginalized youth who wish to enter into the creative industry or further their education.

Skip to main content. Homelessness What is homelessness? Housing First How many people are homeless in Canada? Ending Homelessness Cost Analysis. Poverty Hub. Knowledge Mobilization. British Columbia. New Brunswick. Newfoundland and Labrador. Northwest Territories. Nova Scotia. Prince Edward Island. Yukon Territory. Wrap-around Delivery and Other Team-based Models. Back x. About Homelessness. Doing Research.

Community Profiles. Manitoba Brandon Thompson Winnipeg. Newfoundland and Labrador St. Northwest Territories Yellowknife. Nunavut Iqaluit. Prince Edward Island Charlottetown Summerside. Saskatchewan Prince Albert Regina Saskatoon. This film file is broken and is being removed. Sorry for any inconvenience this causes. Can art change society? Tell us what you think. Can art change the state of the world? Does art have power? And is it enough to create change?

Want to get involved? Tate Modern Venue. Tate Exchange: Love Find out how art can make a difference to society and share your stories. Art movements that changed the world. Conceptual art Read about the movement that celebrated ideas over materials. Feminist art See how women artists brought the fight for equality into their work.

Modernism How did art begin to address the realities of modern society? Black arts movement How did artists create a vision of a new black art and politics? Find out more in the gallery and online.

The art of social change Can art be a tool for good? Where do art and social action converge?

Blumberg and others were able to connect the presence of the antigen with hepatitis B infection. Later they related HBV infection to liver cancer. The Australia antigen circulates in the blood of a previously infected person not only as part of HBV, but also as a small, independent particle. The discovery of the Australia antigen had an important effect on the study of hepatitis B, in large part because HBV cannot be cultivated in the lab.

The Australia antigen could, therefore, serve as a model for the virus as a whole. Moreover, the Australia antigen provided a source for antigen for the vaccine. This hepatitis B vaccine was the first human vaccine produced by recombinant DNA methods. Researchers inserted the code for the antigen into yeast cells, which produced more of the surface protein. The yeast-derived surface protein produced immunity to the hepatitis B virus. Article Menu [ ]. Vaccine Science [ ]. Biological Weapons, Bioterrorism, and Vaccines.

Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy. Careers in Vaccine Research. Ebola Virus Disease and Ebola Vaccines. Human Cell Strains in Vaccine Development. Identifying Pathogens and Transmission Vectors. Malaria and Malaria Vaccine Candidates. Passive Immunization. The Future of Immunization. Vaccines for Pandemic Threats. Viruses and Evolution. History and Society [ ]. Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination. Disease Eradication. Ethical Issues and Vaccines. History of Anti-vaccination Movements. Influenza Pandemics.

The Development of the Immunization Schedule. The History of the Lyme Disease Vaccine. The Scientific Method in Vaccine History. Military and Vaccine History. Vaccination Exemptions. Vaccine Injury Compensation Programs.

Vaccine Testing and Vulnerable Human Subjects. Vaccine Information [ ]. Different Types of Vaccines. Government Regulation.

Vaccine Development, Testing, and Regulation. Vaccine Side Effects and Adverse Events. Vaccines for Adults. Vaccines for Teenagers. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases [ ].

Chickenpox Varicella. Haemophilus influenzae type b Hib. In the s, scientists distinguished varicella from herpes zoster shingles , and subsequent research lead to the development of first vaccine for chickenpox in Japan in the s. The vaccine was licensed for use in the US in Shingles, or herpes zoster , stems from the same virus that causes chickenpox. The only two ways shingles can develop is after an intital infection of chickenpox, or uncommonly exposure to a chickenpox vaccination.

The connection between shingles and chickenpox was first observed in , and throughout the s, studies indicated that shingles was much more common in older populations. But it wasn't until that the first commercially available vaccine was licensed in the US.

A more recent licensed vaccine for shingles came with a recommendation by the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in that adults age 60 or older should be vaccinated for the disease. Hepatitis B is a more recent virus, and was discovered by Dr. Baruch Blumberg in Just four years later, he created the first hepatitis B vaccine using a heat-treated form of the virus.

Twelve years later, in , the FDA approved of the first commercially available hepatitis B vaccination, which involved blood samples from infected donors. Then, in , a new synthetically prepared vaccine that does not use blood products replaced the original model.

Since Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer, the vaccine was also considered the first anti-cancer vaccine. The link between HPV and cervical cancer was first made in , and over two decades of research followed before a viable vaccine hit the market. The first HPV vaccine was developed in the US in , and subsequent research has lead to the development of two more vaccines since.

Today, recommendations on what type of vaccine to get largely depends on age. For you. World globe An icon of the world globe, indicating different international options.

Get the Insider App. Click here to learn more. A leading-edge research firm focused on digital transformation. Good Subscriber Account active since Shortcuts. Account icon An icon in the shape of a person's head and shoulders. It often indicates a user profile. Log out. US Markets Loading H M S In the news. Natalie Colarossi. The coronavirus pandemic has infected nearly 14 million people in a matter of months, and scientists are racing to develop a vaccine at record speed.

But vaccines often take years, and sometimes even decades, to develop, test, and approve for public use. To gain some perspective on what researchers developing a coronavirus vaccine are up against, here's how long it took to develop vaccines for other infectious diseases throughout history.

Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories. Typhoid Fever. Yellow Fever. Varicella Chicken Pox. In developed regions, the disease is transmitted through sexual contact, especially amongst active homosexuals, and the use of illegal injectable drugs the most common form of infection in developed countries, in addition to traveling to regions where the disease is endemic [] and blood transfusions [10].

As a general measure, the implementation of a basic sanitary program should be one of the main actions. Passive immunoprophylaxis, using immunoglobulin intramuscularly, can also be indicated. The immunoglobulin can be used up to two weeks after the initial exposure to the virus.

However during a study carried out in Amsterdam in which immunoglobulin was administered to the closed contacts of hepatitis A patients, this measure proved to be ineffective in the prevention of the disease although it had reduced the symptoms [8]. The most effective way to avoid the disease nowadays is with the vaccination. Vaccines against hepatitis A are prepared from the culture of adapted HAV hepatitis A virus cells, which are propagated in human fibroblasts, purified by cellular lyses, inactivated by formaldehyde and adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide.

Currently available vaccines are recommended for use in individuals over 12 months of age. The effectiveness is reduced in individuals younger than 12 months due to the interference of maternal antibodies. Different formulations for adults and children are available. The administration of two doses, intramuscularly, is recommended. The seroconversion is fast, approximately 12 days the incubation of the hepatitis A virus lasts around 28 days , so the vaccine can be administered after a short period of exposure to the virus [11].

Adults aged between 20 and 39 years have the fastest rate of seroconversion [12]. The age of vaccination also influences the seroconversion rate. Chinese studies have shown that the immunity induced by the vaccine offers long term 25 years protection [14]. In the United Kingdom, out of a total of 1 million vaccinated people, reported suffering from mild symptoms such as fatigue, fever and localized cutaneous rash.

In the USA, out of 6 million vaccinated individuals reported mild adverse effects [12]. The Brazilian population is at a high risk of contracting the disease due to the deficient or total lack of sanitary systems in some of the regions of the country. It was based in Brazilian Public Health System of payment for medical procedures.

They were supervised by the research coordinator and advised by the State Health Department. The pharmacoeconomy analysis was done with the assistance of an expert on the issue, who is the coordinator of the Infectology Department of the Liver Transplant project in the Dr.

Because the clinical characteristics are similar for all types of acute viral hepatitis, hepatitis A diagnosis was confirmed by a positive serologic test for immunoglobulin M IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus ELISA test.

Table 1 shows the number of cases per year. There was a reduction in the number of reported cases in the last few years. A higher proportion of hepatitis A cases was observed among males An increase in the number of reported cases during the months of March, April and May was observed too.

The proportional distribution by region showed the highest number of cases in Curitiba and metropolitan region This region represents the biggest population concentration of the state. The age of the patients ranged from 6 months to 89 years, with an average age of Eighty two per cent of the patients were aged 15 years or less. The hepatitis A incidence rate among those aged 5 years or less was For those aged between 5 and 15, the incidence of cases was In the 16 to 49 age group, the incidence was 1.

Twenty death certificates were recorded indicating hepatitis A as cause of death. In order to assess the cost of the disease, a hypothetical model that shows the probability of a cohort of children, from birth until 50 years of age, acquiring the disease, was created.

The costs of the disease were estimated based on the results of the model. The preparation of a statistical model was based on the data regarding of the incidence of hepatitis A up to 59 years of age study carried out in Sao Paulo, Roberto Focaccia, et al, , published at the BJID [16].

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A antibody is more representative of the population infection rate than the formal register of cases. Example: in the 10 to 14 years age group, Costs related to post exposure prophylaxis, post transplant medications, social problems and hepatitis A death were not included. In Holland, , it was observed the average age of those infected is 35 years, with Probably the pattern is different because they are of different regions.

When analyzing the data, it is important to take into consideration the fact that the most serious form of the disease is much more common in adults than in children. In general, literature reports one death for every thousand cases of hepatitis A.

However, according to our data, there were 14, reported cases and 20 deaths. According to this, the expected result would be 14 deaths. This difference in the number of expected deaths and observed deaths implies that not all cases are being reported. It is important to consider the lack of etiologic confirmation and some inconsistencies of the reported data in the past [3,17]. These results are according to the majority of articles published. Our study has shown that children younger than 15 are at most risk of being exposed to the hepatitis A virus.